Short-term dietary methionine supplementation affects one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation in the mouse gut and leads to altered microbiome profiles, barrier function, gene expression and histomorphology

Table 4 Alterations in the proximal jejunum methionine cycle as a consequence of administration of the methionine-supplemented diet (MSD)

	Day 3.5		Day 6
	MAD	MSD	MAD	MSD
Methionine, nmol/mg prot	18.86 ± 3.02	20.83 ± 5.47	18.86 ± 3.02	8.74 ± 1.09*
Total homocysteine, nmol/mg prot	0.75 ± 0.05	0.76 ± 0.05	0.75 ± 0.05	0.65 ± 0.05
Free homocysteine, nmol/mg prot	0.18 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01
Homocystine, nmol/mg prot	0.23 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.01*
Homocystine/Free homocysteine, ratio	1.27 ± 0.09	1.19 ± 0.03	1.27 ± 0.09	0.86 ± 0.03*
SAM, nmol/mg prot	2.13 ± 0.36	1.94 ± 0.31	2.13 ± 0.36	1.63 ± 0.08*
SAH, nmol/mg prot	0.36 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.10*	0.36 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.02
SAM/SAH, ratio	5.82 ± 0.71	3.97 ± 0.43*	5.82 ± 0.71	4.01 ± 0.37*
Cysteine, nmol/mg prot	12.66 ± 2.14	8.85 ± 1.44	12.66 ± 2.14	6.42 ± 0.60*
Cystine, nmol/mg prot	1.06 ± 0.05	1.29 ± 0.06*	1.06 ± 0.05	1.49 ± 0.27*
Cysteine/Cystine, ratio	12.29 ± 2.65	6.89 ± 1.06*	12.29 ± 2.65	4.55 ± 0.39*
GSH, nmol/mg prot	31.00 ± 4.21	27.75 ± 3.41	31.00 ± 4.21	21.92 ± 1.38*
GSSG, nmol/mg prot	0.73 ± 0.07	0.76 ± 0.06	0.73 ± 0.07	0.87 ± 0.05
GSH/GSSG, ratio	42.91 ± 5.17	36.57 ± 3.50	42.91 ± 5.17	25.62 ± 2.58*

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