Fig. 3

Impact of aerobic training or fructose ingestion on expression of autophagy genes. a Marker of autophagosome accumulation LC3 and lysosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein Lamp-2. b Lysosomal cathepsin L Ctsl. c Atg genes. Groups: C control, E exercise, F fructose, FE fructose + exercise. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. A statistically significant main effect of exercise on expression of Atg6, Atg7, and Atg12 was observed. There is also a main effect of fructose ingestion on expression of Atg9, Lamp-2, and Ctsl as well as an interaction between fructose and exercise on expression of Atg9. See the text for further details. * p < 0.001, # p < 0.030