Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Shokri, Ali; Pirouzpanah, Saeed; Foroutan-Ghaznavi, Mitra; Montazeri, Vahid; Fakhrjou, Ashraf; Nozad-Charoudeh, Hojjatollah; Tavoosidana, Gholamreza

doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0645-7

Table 6 Correlations between intake levels of protein from different sources and fold change expression of RhoA, VEGF-A, and VEGFR2 within each category of VI status

From: Dietary protein sources and tumoral overexpression of RhoA, VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes among breast cancer patients

Dietary variables	Fold change of RhoA								Fold change of VEGF-A								Fold change of VEGFR2
	VI+ (n = 89)				VI− (n = 21)				VI+ (n = 84)				VI− (n = 19)				VI+ (n = 83)				VI− (n = 18)
	β ^§	p value	β _adj. ^¥	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value	β	p value	β _adj.	p value
Total protein*	0.108	0.333	0.133^a	0.261	− 0.227	0.336	0.113	0.701	0.088	0.425	0.161ⁿ	0.171	0.396	0.103	0.421	0.224	− 0.082	0.451	− 0.095^aa	0.391	0.323	0.153	0.418	0.134
Animal protein*	0.315	0.004	0.313 ^b	0.007	− 0.038	0.883	0.121	0.646	0.141	0.197	0.119^o	0.303	0.099	0.687	0.092	0.722	0.441	< 0.001	0.444 ^bb	< 0.001	− 0.022	0.925	0.042	0.881
Plant protein*	− 0.012	0.911	− 0.200^c	0.155	− 0.181	0.446	− 0.182	0.550	0.026	0.812	− 0.012^p	0.920	0.490	0.024	0.425	0.109	− 0.044	0.689	− 0.114^cc	0.340	0.383	0.096	0.366	0.167
Red meat	0.271	0.012	0.358 ^d	0.001	0.002	0.994	− 0.026	0.913	0.319	0.003	0.346 ^q	0.002	0.339	0.122	0.331	0.148	0.419	< 0.001	0.467 ^dd	< 0.001	0.069	0.766	− 0.001	0.997
Processed red meat	0.004	0.973	0.042^e	0.715	0.001	0.996	0.021	0.933	0.075	0.488	0.010^r	0.944	0.381	0.082	0.223	0.506	− 0.020	0.852	− 0.005^ee	0964	0.330	0.144	0.728	0.082
Poultries	− 0.104	0.360	− 0.131^f	0.280	− 0.044	0.860	− 0.136	0.561	− 0.006	0.956	− 0.019^s	0.874	− 0.096	0.696	− 0.355	0.400	0.137	0.204	0.069^ff	0.554	− 0.151	0.550	− 0.013	0.966
Seafood	− 0.028	0.794	− 0.048^g	0.698	− 0.070	0.770	− 0.132	0.692	0.073	0.618	0.100^t	0.426	0.132	0.590	0.067	0.828	− 0.011	0.920	0.062^gg	0.588	0.038	0.873	− 0.120	0.706
Dairy products	0.196	0.071	0.275 ^h	0.035	0.095	0.681	0.223	0.495	0.225	0.032	0.263 ^u	0.020	0.095	0.683	0.038	0.862	− 0.097	0.358	− 0.131^hh	0.231	0.008	0.973	0.318	0.970
Legumes	0.036	0.743	0.019ⁱ	0.875	0.036	0.743	0.143	0.668	0.143	0.181	0.048^v	0.712	0.036	0.882	− 0.072	0.840	− 0.099	0.354	− 0.002ⁱⁱ	0.985	− 0.233	0.337	− 0.582	0.083
Nuts and cereals	− 0.130	0.234	− 0.234 ^j	0.045	0.019	0.936	− 0.165	0.722	0.059	0.580	0.030^w	0.800	− 0.032	0.887	− 0.038	0.902	− 0.065	0.541	− 0.076^jj	0.485	− 0.130	0.573	− 0.173	0.519
Residual protein	0.090	0.418	0.163^k	0.176	− 0.262	0.251	− 0.181	0.543	0.111	0.341	0.130^x	0.270	0.314	0.219	0.413	0.252	− 0.170	0.140	− 0.026^kk	0.841	0.090	0.714	0.110	0691
Total protein/dietary fiber	0.215	0.050	0.305 ^l	0.010	− 0.188	0.415	0.213	0.420	− 0.002	0.984	0.047^y	0.693	0.512	0.021	0.507	0.037	− 0.084	0.452	0.056^ll	0.654	0.365	0.113	0.405	0.149
Animal protein/plant protein	0.246	0.026	0.290 ^m	0.018	0.067	0.805	0.123	0.616	0.066	0.542	0.100^z	0.409	− 0.118	0.620	0.019	0.953	0.419	< 0.001	0.463 ^mm	< 0.001	− 0.137	0.565	− 0.223	0.434

VI vascular invasion
*Energy-adjusted variables in terms of nutrient density was estimated. ^§Values are expressed as β from a simple linear regression model. ^¥Values are expressed as β from multivariate linear regression adjusted model. Dietary variables adjusted for the following: ^aMean duration of breastfeeding (months), BMI (kg/m²), and crude fiber (g/day). ^bFat intake (g/day), crude fiber (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), tumor size (cm), the age at diagnosis (years), and number of pregnancies. ^cEnergy intake (kcal/day), dietary fiber(g/day), and waist/hip ratio. ^dEnergy intake (kcal/day). ^eEnergy intake (kcal/day) and tumor size (cm). ^fLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and tumor size (cm). ^gAge of first childbirth (years), the age of menarche (years), and waist circumference (cm). ^hLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), BMI (kg/m²), tumor size (cm), and age of menarche (years). ⁱBMI (kg/m²), tumor size (cm), and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^jLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day) and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^kMean duration of breastfeeding (months), physical activity rate, and OCP usage. ^lCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^mFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and number of lactation (n). ⁿFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm)n and carbohydrate intake (g/day). ^oFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^pDietary fiber intake (g/day) and waist to hip ratio. ^qFat intake (g/day). ^rFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), waist to hip ratio, and age of menarche (years). ^sFat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and BMI (kg/m²). ^tLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day) and mean duration of breastfeeding (months). ^uFat intake (g/day), red meat intake (g/day), number of pregnancies (n), and physical activity rate. ^vLog transformed and adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber intake (g/day), and age at diagnosis (years). ^wEnergy intake (kcal/day), insoluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^xFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^yFat intake (g/day) and tumor size (cm). ^zFat intake (g/day), the age of first childbirth (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^aaDietary fiber intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^bbMean duration of breastfeeding (months) and tumor size (cm). ^ccFat intake (g/day) and age of menarche (years). ^ddFat intake (g/day), BMI (kg/m²), and tumor size (cm). ^eeRed meat intake (g/day), fat intake (g/day), and tumor size (cm). ^ffFat intake (g/day), soluble fiber (g/day), and waist to hip ratio. ^ggEnergy intake (kcal), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), and tumor size (cm). ^hhRed meat intake (g/day), mean duration of breastfeeding (months), physical activity rate, and tumor size (cm). ⁱⁱLog transformed and adjusted for fat intake (g/day), waist to hip ratio, and tumor size (cm). ^jjLog transformed and adjusted waist circumference (cm). ^kkFat intake (g/day), tumor size (cm), and waist circumference (cm). ^llCarbohydrate intake (g/day), the age of menarche (years), and waist to hip ratio. ^mmFat intake (g/day) and BMI (kg/m²)

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