| Inadequate (< 50 nmol/L) | Adequate (≥ 50 nmol/L) | p valueb |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 396 (55) | 320 (45) | Â |
Age, (years) | 22.2 ± 2.3 | 22.7 ± 2.6 | 0.007 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
 Caucasian | 87 (34) | 167 (66) |  |
 East Asian | 221 (67) | 109 (33) |  |
 South Asian | 65 (79) | 17 (21) |  |
 Other | 23 (46) | 27 (54) |  |
BMI, (kg/m2)c | 22.3 ± 3.8 | 22.4 ± 3.1 | 0.62 |
Calcium intake, (mg/day) | 919 ± 496 | 1092 ± 472 | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin D intake (mg/day) | 279 ± 218 | 403 ± 278 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity, (MET-h/week)d | 7.1 ± 3.1 | 8.1 ± 3.2 | < 0.0001 |
Analgesic use, n (%) | 95 (56) | 74 (43) | 0.79 |
VDRe genotype, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.31 |
 CC | 152 (59) | 106 (41) |  |
 CT | 159 (52) | 144 (48) |  |
 TT | 85 (55) | 70 (45) |  |