Table 1 Demographic and metabolic characteristics of the study participants

Sex (#)

49

39

0.419

NGM (#)

62

22

0.000

IGM (#)

19

24

0.146

Type 2 diabetes (#)

11

19

0.04

Smoking status (#)

15

10

1

Lipid-lowering medication (#)

29

26

0.26

Glucose-lowering medication (#)

6

8

0.26

Age (years)

65.1 ± 7.1

65.6 ± 6.3

0.683

BMI (kg/m²)

27.2 ± 3.3

31.3 ± 4.5

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

95 ± 8.9

108.6 ± 9.9

< 0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.1 ± 0.6

5.7 ± 0.7

< 0.001

Glycated hemoglobin (mmol/mol)

42.1 ± 0.5

45.4 ± 0.6

0.006

Cholesterol (mg/L)

5.3 ± 1

5.2 ± 1.1

0.586

HDL (mg/L)

1.4 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.3

< 0.001

LDL (mg/L)

3.9 ± 1

3.5 ± 1

0.06