Fig. 6

Upregulation of miR-205-5p or IGFBP3 attenuates the atrial fibrosis and mitochondrial damage caused by HFD. A Pathology of the left atrial tissues in mice injected with miR-205-5p agomir and oe-IGFBP3 was observed by H&E staining. B Masson staining was conducted for observing collagen deposition and atrial fibrosis in mice injected with miR-205-5p agomir and oe-IGFBP3. C, D Western blot analysis was conducted to examine the protein expression of key regulatory proteins of fibrosis (TGF-β1, TIMP1, and α-SMA) and hypertrophic markers (GATA4, Col I, and COL III) in mice injected with miR-205-5p agomir and oe-IGFBP3. E, F Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related, division-related, and fusion-related proteins in the mouse atrial tissues. G The ultrastructure of the mitochondria in the left atrial tissues was visualized by a TEM. *p < 0.05, vs. the agomir-NC group; #p < 0.05, vs. the oe-NC group