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Table 3 MR analysis results of exposure (including vitamin D intake and serum vitamin D) and functional dyspepsia (FD)

From: Causal associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with functional gastrointestinal disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Exposure

MR Method

No.SNP

β

SE

OR(95%CI)

P

Ajusted-P

Vitamin D intake

MR Egger

53

 − 0.051104

0.1045778

0.9501(0.7740,1.1663)

0.62716

 − 

Weighted median

0.1229543

0.1184692

1.1308(0.8965,1.4264)

0.29933

 − 

IVW (fixed effects)

0.0641415

0.076215

1.0662(0.9182,1.2380)

0.40001

 − 

Maximum likelihood

0.0643745

0.0763783

1.0664(0.9182, 1.2387)

0.39931

0.53333

Penalized-weighted median

0.136949

0.1203150

1.1467(0.9058,1.4517)

0.25501

 − 

MR-PRESSO

0.0656

0.07594

1.0678(0.9558,1.1928)

0.39134

 − 

25-hydroxyvitaminD

MR Egger

92

 − 0.17933

0.136803

0.8358( 0.6392,1.093)

0.1932

 − 

Weighted median

 − 0.087774

0.144605

0.915(0.6927, 1.211)

0.5439

 − 

IVW (fixed effects)

 − 0.03722

0.092349

0.9634(0.8039,1.155)

0.68693

0.6869

Maximum likelihood

0.036860

0.092580

0.9638(0.8039, 1.156)

0.69052

 − 

Penalized-weighted median

 − 0.08717

0.14474

0.9165(0.6797,1.236)

0.54701

 − 

MR-PRESSO

 − 0.0325

0.0840

0.9680(0.8665,1.0813)

0.6996

 − 

  1. No. SNP number of SNPs included in the analysis, β the regression coefficient based on vitamin D raising effect allele, SE standard error
  2. p < 0.05 represents the causal link of fatty acid with FD