Probiotics ameliorate endocrine disorders via modulating inflammatory pathways: a systematic review

Nemati, Marzieh; Ebrahimi, Bahareh; Montazeri-Najafabady, Nima

doi:10.1186/s12263-024-00743-8

Genes & Nutrition

Table 1 The beneficial effects of probiotic on endocrine disorders via regulation of inflammatory pathways

From: Probiotics ameliorate endocrine disorders via modulating inflammatory pathways: a systematic review

Probiotics	Endocrine disorder	Animal/ Human	Duration	Key findings	Mechanism(s)	References
Multi-strain probiotics “Symbitter” ^a	Obesity	Rat	8 Weeks	Probiotic supplementation significantly reduces the prevalence of obesity.	By increasing IL-4 and TGF-β, restoring IL-10, decreasing IL-1β and IL-12Bp40.	Kobyliak, 2018 [33]
Multi-strain probiotics “Symbitter”	Obesity	Rat	3 Months	Probiotics treatment showed significant decreasing of HOMA-IR and rate of obesity.	By decreasing IL-1β, IL-12Bp40 and elevating of TGF-β.	Kobyliak, 2020 [34]
Lactobacillus mali APS1 and L. kefiranofaciens M1	Obesity	Mice	8 Weeks	Probiotic significantly reduced body weight gain, body fat, liver weight, fat accumulation in the mesenteric adipose and effectively maintained the blood glucose level.	By decreasing TNF-α and IL-6.	Lin, 2016 [35]
VSL#3 probiotic mixture^b	Obesity	Mice	4 Weeks	Probiotics improved high fat diet-induced steatosis and insulin resistance.	By increasing NKT cell function and number and decreasing TNF-α- IKK-β signaling.	Ma, 2008 [36]
Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8821	Obesity	Mice	15 Weeks	Probiotics improved glucose homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction	By decreasing MCP-1 and TNF-α and increasing IL-23, IL-33 and TNF-β	Martinic, 2018 [37]
Enterococcus faecalis AG5	Obesity	Rat	24 Weeks	Probiotics significantly reduced body weight, BMI, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, improved HDL, insulin and leptin.	By decreasing TNF-α	Mishra, 2020 [38]
Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8821	Obesity	Mice	10 Weeks	Probiotics prevented the development of insulin resistance, which is at least partly attributable to the prevention of obesity.	By decreasing levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA	Okubo, 2013 [39]
Clostridium Butyricum CGMCC0313	Obesity	Mice	13 Weeks	Probiotics ameliorated obesity, insulin resistance as well as adipose inflammation.	By decreasing TNF-α and increasing IL-10, IL-22 in colon Decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-A in adipose tissue.	Shang, 2016 [40]
Bacillus coagulans GBI-30608	Obesity	Mice	5 Weeks	Probiotic reduced food intake, attenuated body weight gain and enhanced glucose tolerance.	By preventing hepatic overexpression of, IL-1β, IL-6.	Urtasun, 2020 [41]
Probiotic yogurt with or without low-calorie diet (LCD)^c	Obesity	Human	8 Weeks	Probiotics reduced fat percentage, and body weight among overweight and obese individuals.	By reduction in CRP, TNF-α and IL-17	Zarrati, 2014 [42]
Seven strains of lactic-acid-producing bacteria^d	Diabetes	Mice	12 Weeks	Metformin and probiotics exerted beneficial outcomes on diabetes.	By downregulation of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Kattar, 2020 [43]
Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263	Diabetes	Rat	14 Weeks	Probiotics significantly improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance, oxidative stress, fatty liver and hepatic damage.	By decreasing IL-6 and TNF-α in concentration adipose tissue.	Hsieh, 2013 [44]
Multi-strain probiotics “Symbitter”	Diabetes	Human	8 Weeks	Probiotic therapies modestly improved insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.	By decreasing IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α	Kobyliak, 2018 [45]
Lactobacillus acidophilus ZT-L1, Bifidobacterium bifidum ZT-B1, Lactobacillus reuteri ZT-Lre, and Lactobacillus fermentum ZT-L3	Diabetes	Human	12 Weeks	probiotics supplementation had beneficial effects on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk.	By reducing CRP	Mafi, 2018 [46]
L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. bifidum, and L. casei	Diabetes	Human	6 Weeks	Probiotics reduced insulin resistance.	By decreasing the IL-6 level and increasing CRP	Mazloom, 2013 [47]
“Ecologic®Barrier”^e	Diabetes	Human	6 Months	Probiotics reduced insulin resistance and concentration of glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol.	By decreasing IL-6, TNF-α and CRP	Sabico, 2019 [48]
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum	Diabetes	Human	12 Weeks	Probiotic supplementation had beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, and increased insulin sensitivity.	By decreasing CRP	Soleimani, 2017 [49]
Bifidobacterium longum DD98	Diabetes	Mice	3 Weeks	Probiotics could alleviate the progression of diabetes.	By decreasing IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α	Zhao, 2020 [50]
Multi-strain probiotics^f	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)	Human	1 Year	Probiotic significantly improved liver histology, serum ALT in patients with NAFLD.	By decreasing IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxin in hepatic cells	Duseja, 2019 [10]
C. MIYAIRI 588butyricum producing probiotic	NAFLD	Rat	8–50 Weeks	MIYAIRI 588 had beneficial effects in the prevention of NAFLD progression	By activating AMPK / AKT/PI3K/Nrf2 pathways and blocking of TNF-α and NF-kB pathways	Endo, 2013 [51]
VSL#3 probiotic mixture	NAFLD	Mice	12 Weeks	Probiotics improved hepatic steatosis.	By decreasing NKT cell activation	Liang, 2014 [52]
Multi-strain probiotics (Lactocare)^g	NAFLD	Human	8 Weeks	Probiotic supplementation reduced the glycemic indices.	By decreasing TNF-a, and IL-6.	Sepideh, 2016 [53]
Lactobacillus paracasei N1115	NAFLD	Mice	16 Weeks	Probiotics were effective in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.	By repression of lipopolysaccharides, TLR 4 and NF-kB.	Yao, 2019 [54]
Microbiota transplantation	Metabolic syndrome	Mice	16 Weeks	Intestinal microbiota can induce insulin resistance and obesity in an animal model that is genetically protected from these processes.	By activating of TLR4, associated with ER stress and JNK activation	Guadagnini, 2019 [55]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	Metabolic syndrome	Mice	12 Weeks	Probiotic treatment may be a potential strategy in the prevention/treatment of metabolic disorders.	Increasing hepatic FGF21 mRNA expression and protein levels, which increased adiponectin production and NF-kB protein level.	Liu, 2020 [56]

^aMulti- probiotic “symbiter” containing concentrated biomass of 14 probiotic bacteria genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium
^bVSL#3 probiotic mixture consisting of eight bacterial strains (four Lactobacillus, three Bifidobacterium and one Streptococcus)
^cThe probiotic yogurt was made with the strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, Lactobacillus casei DN001, and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12
^dProbiotic strains including: Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus reuteri
^e”Ecologic®Barrier” containing (Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactobacillus casei W56, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactococcus lactis W19 and L. lactis W58)
^fIt composed of (Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 24733, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 24730, Lactobacillus acidoph- ilus DSM 24735 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 24734, Bifidobacterium longum DSM 24736, Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 24737, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 24732, and Streptococcus thermophilus DSM 24731)
^gLactocare containing (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophilus)

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